Computer world

A PhD student at the University of Michigan that Thomas Knoll, in 1987 wrote a program on a Macintosh Plus to display grayscale images on a monochrome display. Together with his brother John Knoll who are also employees of Industrial Light & Magic, turn it into an image editor program. In 1988 the two sisters with the name change ImagePro. After that year, Thomas renamed his program into Photoshop and work in the short term with the scanner's manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner; "A total of about 200 copies of Photoshop has been sent".

Success with Windows 3.0

Microsoft Windows eventually achieve significant success when stepping version 3.0 which was released in 1990. In addition to offering increased capabilities to Windows applications, Windows 3.0 is also able to allow users to run multiple MS-DOS applications simultaneously (multitasking), because in this version has introduced virtual memory. This version is precisely what makes the IBM PC and compatibles serious challenger to the Apple Macintosh. This is due to improved performance graphics processing at the time (with the graphics card Video Graphics Array (VGA)), and also protected mode / 386 Enhanced mode that allows Windows applications to use more memory in a way that is much easier compared to what offered by MS-DOS.

Windows 3.0 can run in three modes, namely real mode, standard mode, and 386 Enhanced mode, and is compatible with Intel family of processors from Intel 8086/8088, 80286, to 80386 Windows 3.0 will try to detect which mode will used, although the user can force Windows to work in a certain mode using certain switches when running

win / r: force Windows to run in real mode

win / s: forcing Windows to run in standard mode

win / 3: forcing Windows to run in 386 Enhanced mode.

Version 3.0 is also the first version of Windows that runs in protected mode, although the 386 enhanced mode kernel is an enhanced version of the protected mode kernel in Windows / 386.

Because of the backward compatibility feature, Windows 3.0 applications must be compiled using 16-bit environment, so that did not use the capabilities of the Intel 80386 microprocessor, which is actually a 32-bit processor.

Windows 3.0 also comes in a version of "multimedia", called Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions 1.0, which was released a few months later. This version is bundled with the existence of "multimedia upgrade kits", consisting of a CD-ROM drive and a sound card, like Creative Labs Sound Blaster Pro. This version is the pioneer of all the multimedia features present in later versions of Windows, such as Windows 3.1 and Windows for Workgroups, and become part of the Microsoft Multimedia PC specification.

The features mentioned above and support the application software market growing 3.0 makes Windows very successful in the market. Noted, in the two years prior to the release version of Windows 3.1, Windows 3.0 sold 10 million copies. Finally, Windows 3.0 was a major source of income of Microsoft, and Microsoft did make some revisions to the original plan.

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Those are some benefits of the Internet for the public. Internet simplifies life, both in terms of employment, socialization, even in terms of business.

Furthermore, two new versions were released, namely Windows / 286 2.1 and Windows / 386 2.1. As with previous versions of Windows, Windows / 286 uses real-mode memory model, but was the first version to support the High Memory Area (HMA). Windows / 386 2.1 has a kernel running in protected mode with emulation Expanded Memory Specification (EMS) standard Lotus-Intel-Microsoft (LIM), the predecessor specifications Extended Memory Specification (XMS) which would finally change the topology of computing at the IBM PC. All Windows and DOS-based application when it was run in real mode, running over the protected mode kernel by using the virtual 8086 mode, which is a new feature which is owned by Intel 80386 2:03 Version 3.0 and later versions getting demands from Apple because the version 2.1 this has the appearance of a window in cascade mode (overlap), in addition to several features of the Apple Macintosh operating system that is "emulated" by Windows, is the main problem to see / look and feel. Judge William Schwarzer ended up canceling all 189 charges, except the nine charges filed by Apple against Microsoft on January 5, 1989.

➨    Windows 1.0 Click Here

➨    Windows 2.x Click here

Microsoft Windows eventually obtained a significant increase when Aldus PageMaker appeared in versions for Windows, which previously could only run on the Macintosh. Some computer historians date this, the emergence of a significant application that behavior other than by Microsoft as the early success of Windows. Windows version 2.0x using real-mode memory model, which is only able to access the memory to 1 megabyte. In such configurations, Windows can run applications more multitasking, sort DESQview, which runs in protected mode offered by the Intel 80286.

What's cybercrime

Cyber Crime is a new form of crime using the internet as a medium for committing crime ith the advent of the internet era. Every criminal activities committed on the internet or through the Internet, commonly referred to as Internet crime.

Types of cyber crime and violations are very diverse as a result of the application of technology. Cyber crime can be wiretapping and misuse of the information or data in electronic form and transferred electronically, theft of electronic data, pornography, abuse of a child as an object against the judiciary, fraud memalui internet, gambling diinternet, vandalism website, in addition to the heaping system through a virus, Trojan horse , signal grounding and others.

Who cybercrimes?

We need to know the perpetrators of cybercrime are those who have high expertise in computer science, perpetrators of cybercrime is generally controlled algorithms and computer programming fatherly create a script / code malware, they can analyze the workings of computer systems and networks, and is able to find loopholes pasa system will then use the weakness to be entered so that crimes such as theft of data can be successfully carried out.

Types of Cybercrime

There are several types of crimes on cyber crime can be classified based on the activities done as described below are summarized from various sources.

Understanding of the motherboard itself that the circuit board where a variety of interconnected electronic components such as PC or Macintosh and commonly abbreviated to mobo said. Another understanding of the motherboard or in other words mainboard is the main form of pcb board that has a bios chip (driver program), lines and connectors as connecting each access device.

The motherboard is a master board in which a computer device can be installed in it. Starting from a memory, slots, processor, and many others. A motherboard is as important as a processor on the computer. If a faulty motherboard function will cause the performance of a computer so it does not become the maximum. So choosing a good motherboard that can greatly affect a performance of the computer itself. Spend a little more would be better than buying a motherboard with a low price but easily damaged, and you should also adjust the motherboard with additional devices to the computer, the device or the components are compatible and can be installed in socket located on the motherboard.

Internet is an acronym meaning networkingyang interconnected computer networks that are connected between the computer with other computers that form a network of computers around the world, so that they can interact, communicate, share information or exchange data.

Physically, the Internet can be described as webs that resemble spider webs surrounding the earth are connected through the points (nodes). Nodes can be computers and equipment (peripheral) others.

INTERNET The term comes from the Latin "inter", which means "between". In verbatim INTERNET means between or connective tissue. That's the function, INTERNET linking various networks that do not depend on each other in such a way, so that they can communicate. What system is used at each network is not a problem, whether DOS or UNIX system.

While the local network typically consists of a type of computer (eg, DOS or UNIX), INTERNET overcome differences on various operating systems by using the "language" the same by all networks in data transmission. Basically this is what causes the magnitude of the dimensions of INTERNET.

Thus, the definition INTERNET is the "network of networks", by creating the possibility of cross-network communications all over the world without depending on the type of computer.

so the internet is the relationship between different types of computers and networks in the world a different operating system or application in which these relationships utilizing advances in communication media (telephone and satellite) that uses standard protocols to communicate the protocol TCP / IP.

You know who invented 4g?Scientists from Indonesia deserves thumbs up. He is known as the inventor of the technology based 4G Network OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). Khoirul Professor Anwar was born on August 22, 1978 in Kediri, East Java. he is the son of the couple (deceased) Sudjianto with Siti PATMI a farmer in Kediri.His father died of illness when he was graduated from elementary 1990. Khoirul father died of illness, when she graduated from elementary school in 1990, her mother, and then try hard to send him, although both parents no elementary school. Since childhood, Khoirul live in poverty. But there was just a way for him to continue studying. For example, when continued high school in Kediri, suddenly there are people offering free boarding for him. Then he went to college at the Bandung Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering graduated cum laude in 2000.

Then he won a scholarship to continue S2 from Panasonic at the Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Japan and graduated in 2005 and then later he won a scholarship to continue studying S3 from the Japanese company campus same Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST ) Japan. Khoirul Anwar later married with Sri Yayu Indriyani and blessed with three sons, Khoirul stayed in Nomi, Ishikawa, not far from his workplace. Despite a brilliant achievement in Japan, but Khoirul save the desire to return to Indonesia one day.

Inspired Dragon Ball - Maybe it was the fate of the scientists, when they put his theory, often considered insane. It also experienced Khoirul. Some technology experts consider it 'misguided' as he explained his theory in 2005 in Hokkaido, Japan. "When I explain, people thought I was crazy. The technology at the time was not yet over, "recalls Khoirul laughing. But the men who had lived in Japan for more than 12 years was admitted indifferent and did not surrender to prove his theory.

Interestingly, the discovery of 4G technology it says was inspired by the cartoon series Dragon Ball. Yes, the professor is not always serious struggle with books and research. Secretly she was a fan of the cartoon with the hero named Goku. "When Goku uses the forces of nature that are combined into a fireball genki dama, resulting in tremendous power. That I apply mathematical formulas. In the 4G technology, attract the energy around it.

Thanks to the invention, high-speed internet can now be felt by many people. While it might be a misnomer, in Indonesia when the new arrival of 4G LTE, many other countries have felt the benefits since a few years ago. Though the technology is actually the son of the inventor of Indonesia.

Despite doing well in Japan, Khoirul save the desire to return to Indonesia. Spirit of learning that never dies making continued to hone skills. This brilliant figure wants to return to Indonesia when it has become one of the leading figures in the field of telecommunications.

Microprocessor is a typical chiri fourth-generation computers that are thousands of IC compaction into a chip. Because the shapes are getting smaller and the increasing capabilities and offer prices are also increasingly murah.Microprocessor the beginning of the birth of the personal computer. In 1971, Intel Corp later developed the first microprocessor serie 4004. 

Examples of this generation is the Apple I Computer developed by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs by entering a computer microprocessor on a circuit board. In addition, later appeared TRS Model 80 with a Motorola 68000 processor type and Zilog Z-80 uses 64KB of RAM standard. 

Apple II-e computers that use the processor type and Ram 6502R by 64 Kb, is also one PCs very popular at that time. Operating systems used are: CP / M 8 Bit. These computers are very popular in the early 80s. 

IBM Personal Computer began issuing in about 1981, using MS-DOS Operating System 16 Bit. Due to the price offered is not much different from the other computer, in addition to the technology is much better as well as big names from IBM itself, then in a very short time the computer is becoming very popular.

Computer History Generation 3

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In this third-generation technology Integrated Circuit (IC) is the central feature because it began to be used on a computer device to the current generation. IC component hybrid or solid form (SLT) and monolithyc (MST). SLT is a transistor and a diode placed separately in one place while the MST is an element of transistors, diodes, and resistors are put together in a single chip. MST more kesil but upon ability to have greater than SLT.

IC was first created by Texas istruments and Fairchild Semiconductor in 1959 which contains only six transistors. Can we compare the current processor that we use already has millions, tens, hundreds of millions of transistors, has even designed processors with billions of transistors. A remarkable development in a period of less than half a century.

The characteristics of third generation computers are:

Compared premises tube, transistor technology is much more efficient as a switch and can be scaled down to a microscopic scale. In 2001, Intel researchers have introduced silicon smallest and fastest in the world, with a size of 20 nanometers ata comparable to a billionth of a meter, which will be used on a processor with a speed of 20 GHz (Giga Hertz). This era also marks the beginning of the minicomputer which is the second largest in the family computer. The price is cheaper than the first generation. DEC PDP-8 minicomputer was first created in 1964 for commercial data processing.

Other types of computers that appear on this generation diantaranta UNIVAC III, UNIVAC SS80, SS90, and in 1107, IBM 7070, 7080, 1400, and 1600.


Computer History Generation 3
Computer History Generation 4

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In mid 1950 UNIVAC made progress in several aspects of advanced programming, so it is the first general purpose computer that is designed to use both numbers and letters, and using magnetic tape as a medium for input and output. This is said to be the birth of the computer industry is dominated by IBM and Sperry. UNIVAC computer was first used for the purposes of calculating the census in the US in 1951, and operated until 1963.





Computer History Generation 2

Types of Motherboard

Computers are tools used to process the data according to the commands that have been formulated. Computer word originally used to describe people who perform arithmetic calculations, with or without tools, but the meaning of the word is then transferred to the machine itself. Originally, the processing of information is almost exclusively related to arithmetical problems, but modern computers are used for many tasks unrelated to mathematics.

Broadly, the computer can be defined as an electronic device that consists of several components, which can cooperate between the components with one another to produce an information based programs and data. The computer components are included: Screen Monitor, CPU, Keyboard, Mouse and Printer (as a complement). Without a computer printer can still do its job as a data processor, but the extent of the monitor screen is not visible in print form (paper).